Complement C3a | Healthmatters.io (2024)

Immune System

Optimal Result: 69.2 - 273.6 ng/mL.

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C3 is the most abundant protein of the complement system. C3 can be cleaved in two divalent fragments, where C3b is the larger fragment. C3a is the smaller fragment that is released into the surrounding fluids. C3a can bind to receptors on basophils and mast cells triggering them to release their vasoactive amines (e.g. histamine). Because of the role of these biomarkers in anaphylaxis, C3a is called an anaphylatoxin. C3a is one of the most potent constrictors of smooth muscle cells. C3a has been shown to be a multifunctional pro-inflammatory mediator.

- C3a may be an indicator of a Lyme-related issue if the Lyme is in an acute stage.

- Although C3a was shown to be elevated in a cohort of early, acute Lyme disease patients, it appears to be normal in chronic Lyme patients.

- In mold, C3a is normal and C4a is high.

References:

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18270493
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19140878
  • https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.1780290905
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3263085
  • https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/328238
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1959484/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4753731/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16586433
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20012107
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532535/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25520093
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19601884
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615487
  • https://jacewellness.com/articles/Lab%20Testing%20for%20water%20damaged%20building%20illness.pdf
  • https://www.survivingmold.com/docs/Resources/Shoemaker%20Papers/Lyme_acute_C4a_1_08_glovsky.pdf

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What does it mean if your Complement C3a result is too high?

Complement C3a was found to be elevated in patients with:

- Inflammation (such as asthma)

- Autoimmune diseases [C3a levels were increased in patients with severe and moderately active lupus(SLE).]

- Chronic hepatitis C, and HCV-related hepatitis cell carcinoma.

- In a recent study, all acute Lyme disease patients had elevated levels of C3a, hence C3a (and C4a) can be regarded as an early marker of acute lyme disease in patients seen shortly after tick bite.

- Smoking

- Stroke

- Chronic hepatitis/liver cancer

- Colon cancer

- Pancreas inflammation

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What does it mean if your Complement C3a result is too low?

Low C3a levels may increase the risk of infections and inflammation.

- An inherited deficiency of C3 predisposes patients to frequent bouts of bacterial infections.

- Gestational Diabetes - this occurs when healthy women develop high blood sugar levels during pregnancy.

Although C3a was shown to be elevated in a cohort of early, acute Lyme disease patients, it appears to be normal in chronic Lyme patients.

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    Complement C3a | Healthmatters.io (2024)

    FAQs

    What does C3a do in complement? ›

    C3a is an effector of the complement system with a range of functions including T cell activation and survival, angiogenesis stimulation, chemotaxis, mast cell degranulation, and macrophage activation.

    What does high C3a mean? ›

    High levels of Complement C3a in your blood could indicate that your immune system is working overtime, suggesting an ongoing infection or an autoimmune condition where your body mistakenly attacks its own cells. Certain medications, like immunosuppressants, can also affect the levels of Complement C3a.

    What is the purpose of C3a? ›

    C3a is a critical chemotactic mediator in the immune system, and C3a/C3aR pathway has a dual, anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory roles in different cells and diseases [Figure 2; (3)].

    Does C3a promote inflammation? ›

    C3a, C5a, and the C5b-9 complex are complement effectors that contribute to inflammation (8). In addition, the C5b-9 complex induces lysis of gram-negative bacteria of the Neisseria genus.

    What is the function of the C3a receptor? ›

    Complement C3a receptor 1 is the receptor for complement factor C3a, a component of the alternative complement cascade. It can have pro-inflammatory actions, but can also counteract the proinflammatory effects of C5a.

    What is the normal range for complement C3a? ›

    Optimal Result: 69.2 - 273.6 ng/mL.

    Is C3a a Chemoattractant? ›

    Both C3a and C5a were chemoattractants for human bone marrow-derived MSCs, which expressed both the C3a receptor (C3aR) and the C5a receptor (C5aR; CD88) on the cell surface.

    What is the direct effect of C3a? ›

    Allergenic C3a is an essential pro-inflammatory mediator, triggering rapid activation of endothelial cells and microglia in the peri-hematoma area, which promotes increased secretion of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and aggravates the development of ...

    Does C3a release histamine? ›

    In concentration-response studies, both C3a and C5a released histamine in a concentration related manner with C5a being 40-50 times more potent. However, the extent of histamine, 15-20%, was considerably less than that released from basophils.

    Which complement triggers inflammation? ›

    The small complement fragments C3a, C4a, and C5a act on specific receptors (see Fig. 2.20) to produce local inflammatory responses.

    Does C3a cause vasoconstriction? ›

    Topical application of 10 nM C3a resulted in pronounced microcirculatory alterations, characterized by vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and an increase in macromolecular leakage at postcapillary venules, as assessed by extravasation of intravascular fluorescein-labeled dextran (m.w. 150,000).

    Is C3a a cytokine? ›

    Abstract. C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins are cytokine-like polypeptides generated during complement (C) system activation and released at the inflammatory site. They exert several biological activities through binding to the G-protein-coupled receptors C3aR and C5aR, respectively.

    What is the function of the C3a fragment? ›

    C3a and C5a, the small (approximately 10KDa) cleavage fragments released by complement activation, are potent mediators of inflammation. They are anaphylatoxins and act as cell activators with nanomolar affinity, exerting their functions through binding to specific receptors (C3aR and C5aR or C5L2 respectively).

    What does the activation of C3a result in? ›

    In the process of complement activation, C3a and C5a result in interactive activation of APCs, T cells, mast cells, etc. [104–106]. Antagonism between C3a receptor (C3aR) and C5a receptor (C5aR) induces functional changes and may also induce regulatory T cell (Treg) production [107–109].

    What is the role of C3a and C5a? ›

    C3a and C5a regulate vasodilation, increase the permeability of small blood vessels, and induce contraction of smooth muscles (Ember et al., 1998). In macrophages (Murakami et al., 1993), neutrophils (Elsner et al., 1994b), and eosinophils (Elsner et al., 1994a) C3a and C5a can trigger oxidative burst.

    What is the function of C3 in complement system? ›

    Normal Function

    The complement system is a group of proteins that work together to destroy foreign invaders (such as bacteria and viruses), trigger inflammation, and remove debris from cells and tissues. The C3 protein is essential for turning on (activating) the complement system.

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